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Cicero, a suburb of Chicago, is an incorporated town in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The population was 83,891 at the 2010 census.〔 As of 2013, the town had a total population of 84,103, making it the tenth-largest municipality in Illinois. Cicero is named for the town of Cicero, New York, which in turn was named for Marcus Tullius Cicero, the Roman statesman and orator. ==History== Originally, Cicero Township occupied six times its current territory. Weak political leadership and town services resulted in cities such as Oak Park and Berwyn voting to split off from Cicero, and other portions such as Austin were annexed into the city of Chicago. Al Capone built his criminal empire in Chicago before moving to Cicero to escape the reach of Chicago police.〔 Link dead as of November 14, 2013.〕 On July 11–12, 1951, a race riot erupted in Cicero when a mob of around 4,000 attacked and burned an apartment building at 6139 W. 19th Street that housed the African-American family of Harvey Clark Jr., a Chicago Transit Authority bus driver who had relocated to the then-all-white city. Governor Adlai E. Stevenson was forced to call out the Illinois National Guard. The Clarks moved away, and the building had to be boarded up.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=1951 Race Riots Then & Now - Cicero, IL )〕 The Cicero riot received worldwide condemnation, but what was not noted at that time was the practice of "block-busting." Typically, a model black family would buy (with help) a house in an all-white neighborhood. The prejudice against blacks would encourage neighbors to put their homes up for sale, frequently at a substantial loss. Most of Cicero's homes were owned by their residents and represented much of their life savings. The people in the "targeted" area felt they were being victimized more than the blacks because of the large drop in home prices, and there was no recourse except keeping the blacks out. For many, this was the real problem, not discrimination. The 1980s and 1990s saw a heavy influx of Hispanic (mostly Mexican and Central American) residents to Cicero. Once considered mainly a Czech or Bohemian town on 22nd Street (now Cermak Road), most of the European-style restaurants and shops have been replaced by Spanish-titled businesses. In addition, Cicero has a small black community. Cicero has seen a revival in its commercial sector, with many new mini-malls and large retail stores. New condominiums are also being built in the city. Cicero has long had a reputation of government scandal. Most recently, Town President Betty Loren-Maltese was sent to federal prison for misappropriating $12 million in funds. She was well liked by retired, long-term Cicero residents but was continually challenged by younger Hispanic opponents before her indictment, and she had strong ties to members of the Chicago Outfit, which included her deceased husband. Cicero was taken up and abandoned several times as site for a civil rights march in the mid-1960s. The American Friends Service Committee, Martin Luther King, and many affiliated organizations, including churches, were conducting marches against housing and school ''de facto'' segregation and inequality in Chicago and several suburbs, but the leaders feared too violent a response in Chicago Lawn and Cicero. Eventually, a substantial march (met by catcalls, flying bottles and bricks) was conducted in Chicago Lawn, but only a splinter group, led by Jesse Jackson, marched in Cicero. The marches in the Chicago suburbs helped galvanize support for the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 in 1968, extending federal prohibitions against discrimination to private housing. The act also created the US Department of Housing and Urban Development's Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity, which enforces the law. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cicero, Illinois」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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